9th Computer Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Notes pdf

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Q.5: Describe various units of Babbage's analytical engine.
Answer:
Babbage's analytical Engine consists of five units. Which are as follows
STORE
This part was to store the numbers fed to the machine and also those numbers
that were generated during the process of problem solving. along with the
instructions
MILL
This was the Arithmetic unit. which had perform all the Arithmetic operations automatically by rotation of gears and wheels
CONTROL
This unit was to supervise all the viher units and direct their working The
other task assigned to this unit was to transfer the numbers and instructions from the store to the mill and Vice versa. by rotation of gears and wheels.
INPUT
The input unit of the analytical engine had to supply data and instructions to
the store. The input media was in the form of punched card.
Output 
The output unit had to display the results of calculations.

Q.6: Name various parts used in the first electromechanical calculator. Answer
The following parts have been used in electro mechanical calculators,
Gears 2 levers 3 Relays

Q.7: Describe basic features of third generations of computers.
Answer

BASICS FEATURES OF THIRD GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

Though transistors were clearly an improvement over the vacuum tube, they
still generated a great deal of heat, which damaged the computer's sensitive internal parts The quartz rock eliminated this problem. Jack Kilby an engineer with Texas Instruments. developed the integrated circuit (IC) in 1958. The IC combined three electronic components onto a small silicon dise which was made from quartz Scientists later managed to fit even more components on a single chip. called a semiconductor As a result. computers became ever smaller us more components were squeezed onto the chip.

Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.
The third generation of computers began in 1967 with the delivery of IBM with its 360 line of computers. These used integrated circuits in the hardware
In the third generation of computers, more than one user could work with the
computer at the same time, whereas the first and generation of computers worked on a one-to-one basis.
Almost all computers introduced after 1960 were said to be third generation
computers A good example of third generation was IBM 370.

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