Ans. An atom consists of two parts one is inner part called nucleus consisting of nucleons and other is outer orbit consisting of electrons.
2. How much a nucleon is heavier than an electron?
Ans A nucleon is 1836 times heavier than an electron.3. What is an atomic number?
3. Ans. The number of proton in the nucleus of an atom is called atomic number and it is
represented by Z, it is also called charge number
4. What is an atomic mass number?
Ans. The total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus of an atom is known as atomic mass number and is represented by A.
5. What is a nuclide?
Ans. The symbolic representation of an element with atomic number and mass number is called a nuclide e.g. H. H.H are nuclides.
6. What are isotopes?
7. Ans. The atoms of an element whose atomic numbers are the same but their atomic mass numbers are different are called isotopes e.g. deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen.
7. What is natural radioactivity?
Ans. A process in which the elements with the charge number greater than 82, naturally keep on radiating, is called natural radioactivity.
8. What is a radioactive isotope?
Ans The atoms of radioactive elements whose atomic numbers are same but mass numbers are
different are called radioactive isotopes. What happened when magnetic field is applied to the rays coming from a radioactive
source in Rutherford's experiment?
Ans. When magnetic field is applied to the radiations emitted from a radioactive source, they are bended in three different directions. These radiations are divided into three types of rays which are alpha, beta and gamma rays.
10. What type of radiation has more power of ionizations?
Ans. Alpha rays have greater power of ionization due to heavy mass and charge.
11. What type of radiation has more power of penetration?
Ans. Gamma rays have greater power of penetration as compared to that of a and B-rays
12. What is meant by half life? Explain.
Ans. The half life of an element is that time during which the number of atoms of that element are reduced to one half.
13. What are stable nuclides?
Ans. Nuclei which don't emit radiations naturally are called stable nuclei. Most of the nuclei whose atomic number are from 1 to 82 are stable nuclei.
14. What are unstable nuclei?
Ans. Nuclei which keep on radiating naturally and converted to other nuclei are called unstable nuclei. The elements having atomic number greater than 82 are unstable nuclei.
15. How can stable nuclei be converted into unstable nuclei?
Ans. Stable nuclei con be converted into unstable nuclei by bombarding them with neutrons.
16. What are radio-isotopes?
Ans. Stable nuclei which are converted into unstable nuclei by bombarding with neutrons, are called radio-isotopes.
17. Are the mass and energy interchangeable?
Ans. Yes mass and energy are interconvertible. It can be observed from the Einstein's mass
energy equation, which shows that mass and energy are interconvertible according to the equation E=mc ?
18. What is nuclear fission?
Ans. Breaking of a nucleus into two parts with the release of large amount of energy is called fission reaction.
19. What is nuclear fusion?
Ans. A reaction in which two smaller nuclei diffuse together to form a heavy nucleus with the release of energy is called nuclear fusion.
20. Why fission reaction is called chain reaction?
Ans. When a neutron reacts with uranium nucleus, two or three neutrons are released, then every one of these neutron will react with uranium nucleus and more neutrons will be released. And in this way, fission goes on increasing. That is why. it is called fission chain reaction.
21. What is positron?
Ans. Positron is a particle with mass equal to the mass of electron having opposite and equal
charge.
22. What are artificial sources of radiations?
Ans: Source of nuclear rays are natural as well as man made natural sources are radon gas radioactive elements while T.V waves nuclear power plants are man made sources
23. What is measuring unit of nuclear radiation?
Ans: Measuring unit of nuclear radiation is rem.
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