Ans. At equilibrium state the reaction does not stop because the rate of forward reaction is exactly equal to the reverse reaction but in opposite direction.
Q.2 Why equilibrium state is attainable from either way?
Ans. Equilibrium state is attainable from either way because a reversible reaction proceeds in both way
Equilibrium state is attained when a reaction moves forward as well as reaction moves back ward
Reactants Products
A+B C+ D
Q.3 What are the characteristics of a reaction that establishes equilibrium state at once?
Ans. The reactions which attain the equilibrium are called reversible reactions.
(i) In these reactions dynamic state of equilibrium is established in which Rate of forward reaction = Rate of reverse reaction(ii) These reaction does not go to stop.
(iii) These can be proceed in both directions.
(iv) For these reactions value of K is neither too large nor too small.
Q.4 Which natural process is responsible for existence of life on earth?
Ans. We inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide while plants consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen. This natural process is responsible for existence of life on earth.
Q.5 Differentiate between reactants and products.
Ans
Q.7 What is static equilibrium state?
Ans. When reaction ceases to proceed. It is called static equilibrium.
Example:
A building remains standing rather than falling down because all the forces acting on it are balanced
Q.8 What is dynamic equilibrium state?
Ans. When reaction does not stop only the rate of forward and reverse reaction become cqual to each other but take place in opposite directions. This is called dynamic equilibrium state.
Q.9 What is equilibrium constant?
Ans. Equilibrium constant is a ratio of the product of concentration of products raised to the power of coefficient to the product of concentration of reactants raised to the power of coefficient as expressed in the balance chemical equation.
Product of conc.of products raised to the power of coefficient Product of conc.of reactants raised to power of coefficients
Q.10 Why the reaction mixture does not have 50% reactants and 50% products at equilibrium position?Ans. At equilibrium state the conc. of reactants and products are constants so it is not necessary that the reactants and products are in 50% ratio.
Q.11 If a reaction has large value of K, will it go to completion and why?
Ans. The large value of Kw indicates that at equilibrium position the reaction mixture consists of almost all products and reactants are negligible the reaction has almost gone to completion.Q.12 What do you mean by the extent of reaction?
Ans. Extent of reaction means the degree of completion of a chemical reaction. It also tells stability of reactants and products.
Q.13 Why the reversible reaction does not go to completion?
Ans. The reversible reaction does not go to completion because, it proceeds in both directions. After the equilibrium attained the product start to convert back into the reactants at this state the composition of reaction mixture remains constant.
Q.14 What are irreversible reactions? Give few characteristics of them?
Ans. The reactions in which products do not recombine to form reactants are called irreversible reactions.
i. In the reversible reaction static equilibrium is attained or established ii. These are represented by a single arrow ) between reactants and products.
ii. Irreversible reactions go to completion and 100 % conversion of reactants to products take place
Q.15 Define chemical equilibrium state.
Ans. When the rate of the forward reaction takes place at the rate of reverse reaction, the composition of the reaction mixture remains constant, it is called a chemical equilibrium state
Q.16 What is relationship between active mass and rate of reaction?
Ans. According to Guldberg and Waage law the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the product of the active masses of the reacting substances
Q.17 Derive equilibrium constant expression for the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen
Ans. For the reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia, the balanced chemical equation is
N. +3H 2NH,
For the reaction
The rate of forward reaction Ricky[NH]
The rate of reverse reaction R = KING)2
The expression for the equilibrium constant for this reaction is:
Q.19 How direction of reaction can be predicted?
Ans. Direction of a reaction at a particular moment can be predicted by measuring reaction quotient Q . The reaction quotient Q is useful because it predicts the direction of the reaction by comparing the value of Q with K If Qe is less than Ke the reaction is forward.
Q.20 How can you know that a reaction has achieved an equilibrium state?
Ans. If Q K, forward and reverse reactions takes place at equal rates i e equilibrium has been established.
Q.21 If reaction quotient Qc of a reaction is more than K. What will be the direction of the reaction?
Ans. If Qc of a reaction is more than K the reaction goes from right to left, i.e. in reverse direction to attain equilibrium.
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