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Q.1 Define homeostasis.
Ans. The protection of the internal environment of the organism from the harms of fluctuations in external environment is termed as homeostasis OR
The maintenance of the internal environment of an organism nearly constant is called homeostasis.
Q.2 Which of the components of the internal environment of an organism may be affected by fluctuations in the external environment?
Ans. These are water, solutes and temperature.
Q.3 What is osmoregulation?
Ans. Osmoregulation is the phenomenon of maintenance of the balance of water and salts within the body of an animal.
Q.4 Give an exact definition of excretion.
Ans. The removal from the body of the waste products or other substances which are not needed is known as excretion other substances which are not needed is known as excretion.
Q.5 What is the nature of the metabolic waste materials in plants and in animals?
Ans. The metabolic waste materials in plants are carbon dioxide and surplus water and in animals these are carbon dioxide, surplus water and nitrogen compounds which may be ammonia, urea or uric acid
Q.7 Write down the names of the components of the living control system in animals in t orhomeostatic regulations.
Ans. The components are the receptor, the control centre and the effectors.
What do hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic environment mean for a cell?
Ars. A hypotonic environment for a cell means the presence of a solution around it which is weaker than the cell concentration; hypertonic environment has a more concentrated solution; and the isotonic environment has a solution of the same strength as the cell solution itself.
Q. What will happen if a living cell is surrounded by a hypotonic solution (weaker than the cell solution)?
Ans. The water will enter the cell by osmosis rendering it turgid
Q.10 What is the effect of hypertonic (solution) environment on a living cell?
Ans. The cell solution will get concentrated and the cell will shrink due to loss of water by osmosis.
Q.11 What are hydrophytes? What are their important adaptations
Ans. The hydrophytes (aquatic plants) are the plants which grow in water or in very well placed. The surface area of their leaves is very large 0 a 10 transpire water Excessively. A large number of stomata are present in ile ipak surfaces ulIne floating or above water leaves in order to pronole water loss
Q.13 Define mesophytes.
Ans. The mesophytes are the ordinary land plants which grow in an environment having average conditions of temperature and moisture.
Q.14 What are osmoconformers, as animals? Quote examples.
Ans. In some of the animals the concentration of their body fluids lollows change in the concentration of the environmental aids in both the internal and external environments of the animals are kept isotonic.
Q.15 How do cartilaginous fishes maintain lover interual salt concentration than sea water?
Ans. The kidneys of the cartilaginous fishes excrete surus salt through the gills and they also possos salt excretory organs called as rectal glands. These fishes lose salt by active transport.
Q.16 What is the name of the chemical which is retained by some marine cartilaginous fishes lbr protection against urea?
Ans. The chomiend is the trimethylamine oxide.
Q17 What role bas osmoregulation played in the distribution of plants and animals?
Ans. Osmoregulation has enabled the animals and plants to distribute hemselves in wide range of habitats 8 Name the structures of fresh water protozoans which are meant for osmoregulation.
Ans. These structures are the contractile Vacuoles.
Q.19 How do many fresh water animals including fishes remove excess water from the body?
Ans. These animals do so by producing large amounts of very dilute urine.
Q.94 What is homeostatic thermostat in the human body which maintains normal temperature?
Ans. In the human body, the homeostatic thermostat is present in the hypothalamus, a part of the brain which responds to the changes in the temperature above and below the normal 37 C
Q.95 Suggest another name for fever r high temperature.
Ans. Pyrexia is another name for fever or high Temperature.
Q.96 Which kind of blood cells of man increase in number during bacterial or viral infections?
Ans. It is the leucocytes.
Q97 What are fever-causing chemicals known as?
Ans. Fever-causing chemicals are known as the pyrogens which are produced by the pathogens (viruses and bacteria) as well as the leucocytes (white blood cells).
Q.98 Is fever useful in any respect
Ans. Yes. Tevar helps stimulate the protective mechanism of the body against the pathogens.
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